What is likely the most effective strategy for students to use to dissuade friends from smoking cigarettes?

Noting negative hygiene-related effects of smoking serves as an effective strategy because it directly addresses the tangible and immediate consequences that smoking can have on a person's appearance and social perception. This approach highlights the potential for bad breath, yellowed teeth, and an unpleasant smell, which are often significant concerns for individuals, especially among younger populations. By framing the discussion around hygiene, this strategy appeals to friends’ self-image and social desirability, making them more likely to reconsider their choices about smoking.

Emphasizing the negative effects creates a sense of urgency and relevance, allowing friends to envision the real-time impact smoking can have on their daily lives. This contrasts with other strategies that may not resonate as strongly, such as incentivizing behavior changes or associating smoking with social activities.